ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

FOREWORD

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Why the review

Framework and setting for the review

CHAPTER 2: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF NUTRITION IN TANZANIA: POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT

Introduction

Tanzania’s economic structure

The colonial economic heritage

Post-independence economic State interventions

Some disturbing features of the economy

Liberalization and Privatization

The impact of structural adjustment

Pattern in sectoral resource allocation

Institutional behaviour

Resource Allocation

Institutional involvement in nutrition relevant actions

The Household as an institution

The village/community as an institution

Ward Level

Divisional Level

District Level

Regional Level

National Level

Popular and Non-Governmental Institutions

International Organizations and donor role in nutrition

The sectoral definition of the nutrition problem

The use of nutrition information in policy and planning

The winners and losers of different policy decisions relevant to nutrition

CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF THE NUTRITION SITUATION AND TRENDS IN TANZANIA

Introduction

Sources of information and reliability of data

The public health significance of malnutrition in Tanzania

Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)

Nutritional status of children aged under five years

Nutritional status of school age children

Nutritional status of adolescents

Nutritional status of adults

Maternal malnutrition

Micronutrient Malnutrition

Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD)

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD)

Nutritional Anaemia

Fluorosis

Diet and nutrition related non-communicable diseases

Malnutrition and the Mortality pattern

Maternal mortality

Perinatal mortality

Infant and Under-five year child mortality

CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENT PROBLEMS AND CAUSES RELATED TO NUTRITIONAL STATUS

Introduction

Who are the malnourished?

The pattern of vulnerability in Tanzania

CHAPTER 5: FOOD SECURITY

Introduction

Food security and nutritional status

Factors determining household food security

Tanzania’s potential for food production

Food crop versus cash crops

Food aid and food security

National self food-sufficiency

Regional food sufficiency

Post harvest food management (Industrial and Household level)

Food fortification

Economic and social accessibility to food

Adequacy of food intake

Food consumption patterns

The environment and food security

Conclusion

CHAPTER 6: NUTRITION AND THE CONTROL OF DISEASES

Introduction

Malaria

Acute respiratory infections (ARI)

Diarrhoea and vomiting

Measles

HIV and AIDS

The Health Services

Systems for health care delivery

Health care facilities

Health care personnel

Accessibility to health care

Health care quality

Health financing

Health care in need of treatment

CHAPTER 7: WOMEN'S CONTROL OF RESOURCES AND CARING CAPACITY

Introduction

Decision making and women's control of resources

Women's reproductive burden

Female literacy, decision making and child care

The empowerment of women

The social position of women

Caring capacity for women

Caring capacity for children

Caring capacity for the elderly

Caring capacity in difficult circumstances

CHAPTER 8: NUTRITION RELEVANT POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES IN TANZANIA

Introduction

General policies to reduce economic inequalities

Household food security related policies and programmes

Public works for food security

Provision of Basic Social Services for All

Nutritional Interventions Through the Water and Sanitation Sector

Nutrition Education and Interventions Through the Educational System

Nutritional Interventions Through the Health Sector

Policies and programmes related to caring capacity

The Food and Nutrition Policy

Specific nutrition programmes of the eighties

The Iringa Joint WHO/UNICEF Nutrition Support Programme (JNSP)

The Child Survival and Development (CSD) Programmes

Nutrition surveillance and the development of Nutrition Information Systems (NIS)

Programmes for the Control of Micronutrient Malnutrition

Factors associated with success in the various programmes

Tanzania's Nutrition Goals for the 1990s

CHAPTER 9: GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions

Recommendations and some options for the 1990s

REFERENCES

ANNEX 1: THE ROLE OF TFNC AS A MAJOR NUTRITION INSTITUTE IN TANZANIA