ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

FOREWORD

INTRODUCTION AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 WHAT IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS ARE
1.2 THE MECHANISM OF IODINE DEFICIENCY
1.3 NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMMES TO CONTROL IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS (IDD)

2. IDD IN HUMANS AT FOUR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AND IN ANIMAL MODELS

2.1 IODINE DEFICIENCY IN THE FOETUS
2.2 IODINE DEFICIENCY IN THE NEONATE
2.3 IODINE DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
2.4 IODINE DEFICIENCY IN ADULTS
2.5 ANIMAL MODELS

2.5.1 IODINE DEFICIENCY IN SHEEP
2.5.2. IODINE DEFICIENCY IN MARMOSETS
2.5.3 IODINE DEFICIENCY IN RATS

3. PREVALENCE OF IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS (IDD)

3.1 EUROPEAN REGION
3.2 AMERICAN REGION
3.3 AFRICAN REGION
3.4 SOUTHEAST ASIAN REGION
3.5 WESTERN PACIFIC REGION
3.6 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS

4. METHODS TO CORRECT IODINE DEFICIENCY

4.1 IODIZED SALT
4.2 IODIZED OIL BY INJECTION
4.3 IODIZED OIL BY MOUTH
4.4 IODIZED BREAD
4.5 WATER IODIZATION
4.6 OTHER METHODS
4.7 GENERAL COMMENTS
4.8 CONCLUSIONS ON CHOICE OF METHODS

5. THE HAZARDS OF IODIZATION

6. RECENT IODIZATION PROGRAMMES

6.1 FINLAND (SALT)
6.2 PAPUA NEW GUINEA (OIL THEN SALT)
6.3 COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (SALT THEN OIL)
6.4 ZAIRE (OIL)
6.5 INDONESIA (SALT AND OIL)
6.6 CHINA (SALT AND OIL)
6.7 INDIA (SALT)

7. ASSESSING IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMMES

7.1 DEFINITION OF GOITRE STAGES
7.2 DEFINITION OF ENDEMIC GOITRE AS A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM
7.3 ENDEMIC CRETINISM AND ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES

8. ELEMENTS OF NATIONAL IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS CONTROL PROGRAMMES

8.1 ASSESSMENT
8.2 COMMUNICATION
8.3 PLANNING
8.4 POLITICAL DECISION
8.5 IMPLEMENTATION
8.6 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

9. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CREATING A GLOBAL STRATEGY

9.1 ACC/SCN's DEVELOPMENT OF A GLOBAL STRATEGY
9.2 THE WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION
9.3 THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR CONTROL OF IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS (ICCIDD)

10. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATION

REFERENCES

PHYSIOPATHALOGICAL ASPECTS OF ENDEMIC GOITRE AND CRETINISM

COMMENTARY ON DR. HETZEL'S REVIEW OF THE GLOBAL PROBLEM OF IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS

RELATIVE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PRESCRIPTIVE VERSUS POPULATION BASED PROPHYLAXIC MEASURES