Annex I: Reports of Micronutrient Malnutrition

Country of assistance (Nationality)

Vitamin A

Anaemia

Scurvy

Angular somatitis

Pellagra

Beri-beri

Goitre

Ethiopia (Somali)

late 1993-early 1994: 1% of feeding centre admissions

before 11/1993-7/94:
2.5% of feeding centre admissions

late 1993: 40 cases

Ethiopia (Ogaden: Sudanese, Ethiopian IDP & returnees)

8/93-8/94: “many cases” of “deficiency”

8/93-11/93: “many cases”

7/93-8/94: incidence
3.5/1000/mo in 11/93;
12.8/1000/mo in 1/94 (Gode)

Ethiopia (Returnees to Tigray)

8/94: Xerophthalmia prevalence reached 4-8%

8/94: 1.7-50% among different groups

Sudan (IDP Khartoum)

10/95: night blindness Khartoum: prevalence 6.7%

Sudan (IDP Red Sea State)

11/96: “serious epidemic” of “deficiency”; 10/97: night blindness, Bitot’s spots

11/96: high levels

11/96 some cases

11/96: isolated cases

Bangladesh (Burmese)

6/92: night blindness (prevalence 1.2%)

5/98

6/92 - 5/98 high levels

Kenya (Somali)

1/97: presence of “deficiency”

1/97 very large number of cases

late 93: anecdotal reports 8/94-10/94: major outbreak
11/96: epidemic (5.8/10,000/mo)
9/97-2/98: cases

Kenya (Sudanese)

2/97-9/97
(5/97: 69% of 6-11 yr-olds and 75-86% of 12-20 yr-olds)

Nepal (Bhutanese)

6/97: “deficiency”

5/98: “elevated” incidence

1/94-6/97
6/94:.62/10,000/d
9/94:.6/10,000/d
12/94:.17/10,000/d
6/95: 63/10,000/d
8/95:.23/10,000/d
10/95:.12/10,000/d
11/96:.18/10,000/d

7/94-5/98
9/94:1.37/10,000/d
12/94:1.0/10,000/d
6/95: 2.49/10,000/d
11/96:2.7/10,000/d
5/98: elevated incidence

1/94-9/94 9/94:
.005/10,000/d

late 1993-5/98:
9/94:2.29/10.000/d
1/95:0,55/10,000/d
6/95:.005/10,000/d
8/95:1.83/10,000/d
10/95:0.85/10,000/d
11/96:1.1/10,000/d
5/98:2.6/10,000/d

7/94: confirmed cases

Malawi (Mozambican)

peak 1990 10/93: nearly disappeared

Mozambique (Returnees)

8/95-12/95: outbreak 9/96-12/96: some cases

Zaire/DRC (IDPs)

9/94: unconfirmed (Likasi)

Burundi (IDPs)

8/97: unconfirmed (Bubanza)

Afghanistan (IDP)

1997: night blindness (Jalalabad & Kandahar prevalence 3%)

7/95: confirmed cases (Mazar-i-Sharif)

1997: children 6-35 mos (Kabul)

Tanzania (Barundi)

10/96-6/98: assoc w/malaria

9/96: 8.0%-15.5% among school children

Iraq (residents)

1994: night blindness prevalence 1.6% under-5s
6/95: prevalence 1.3% among boys: 1.2% among girls

2/94: very common in marsh
1/94-5/94: widespread among refugees arriving in Iran
3/95: 48% “severe” among pregnant women
9/95: widespread
3/96: common occurrence

3/95: large increase in number of cases

Country of assistance (Nationality)	Vitamin A	Anaemia	Scurvy	Angular somatitis	Pellagra	Beri-beri	Goitre
Ethiopia (Somali)	late 1993-early 1994: 1% of feeding centre admissions		before 11/1993-7/94: 2.5% of feeding centre admissions			late 1993: 40 cases
Ethiopia (Ogaden: Sudanese, Ethiopian IDP & returnees)	8/93-8/94: “many cases” of “deficiency”	8/93-11/93: “many cases”	7/93-8/94: incidence 3.5/1000/mo in 11/93; 12.8/1000/mo in 1/94 (Gode)
Ethiopia (Returnees to Tigray)	8/94: Xerophthalmia prevalence reached 4-8%						8/94: 1.7-50% among different groups
Sudan (IDP Khartoum)	10/95: night blindness Khartoum: prevalence 6.7%
Sudan (IDP Red Sea State)	11/96: “serious epidemic” of “deficiency”; 10/97: night blindness, Bitot’s spots	11/96: high levels	11/96 some cases			11/96: isolated cases
Bangladesh (Burmese)	6/92: night blindness (prevalence 1.2%)	5/98		6/92 - 5/98 high levels
Kenya (Somali)	1/97: presence of “deficiency”	1/97 very large number of cases	late 93: anecdotal reports 8/94-10/94: major outbreak 11/96: epidemic (5.8/10,000/mo) 9/97-2/98: cases
Kenya (Sudanese)		2/97-9/97 (5/97: 69% of 6-11 yr-olds and 75-86% of 12-20 yr-olds)
Nepal (Bhutanese)	6/97: “deficiency”	5/98: “elevated” incidence	1/94-6/97 6/94:.62/10,000/d 9/94:.6/10,000/d 12/94:.17/10,000/d 6/95: 63/10,000/d 8/95:.23/10,000/d 10/95:.12/10,000/d 11/96:.18/10,000/d	7/94-5/98 9/94:1.37/10,000/d 12/94:1.0/10,000/d 6/95: 2.49/10,000/d 11/96:2.7/10,000/d 5/98: elevated incidence	1/94-9/94 9/94: .005/10,000/d	late 1993-5/98: 9/94:2.29/10.000/d 1/95:0,55/10,000/d 6/95:.005/10,000/d 8/95:1.83/10,000/d 10/95:0.85/10,000/d 11/96:1.1/10,000/d 5/98:2.6/10,000/d	7/94: confirmed cases
Malawi (Mozambican)					peak 1990 10/93: nearly disappeared
Mozambique (Returnees)					8/95-12/95: outbreak 9/96-12/96: some cases
Zaire/DRC (IDPs)					9/94: unconfirmed (Likasi)
Burundi (IDPs)					8/97: unconfirmed (Bubanza)
Afghanistan (IDP)	1997: night blindness (Jalalabad & Kandahar prevalence 3%)			7/95: confirmed cases (Mazar-i-Sharif)			1997: children 6-35 mos (Kabul)
Tanzania (Barundi)		10/96-6/98: assoc w/malaria		9/96: 8.0%-15.5% among school children
Iraq (residents)	1994: night blindness prevalence 1.6% under-5s 6/95: prevalence 1.3% among boys: 1.2% among girls	2/94: very common in marsh 1/94-5/94: widespread among refugees arriving in Iran 3/95: 48% “severe” among pregnant women 9/95: widespread 3/96: common occurrence					3/95: large increase in number of cases