Tables and Figures

Table 1: Information Available on Total Refugee/Displaced Populations

				Population Numbers						Comments
Situation		Condition					Total
		I: High Prev	IIa: High Risk	IIb: Mod Risk	IIc: No Critical	III: Unknown		Change from Jun. 98	Nutr Stat*
Sub-Saharan Africa
1. Angola			300,000	350,000			650,000	-100,000	det.	Numbers affected are difficult to estimate. Areas controlled by UNITA are of particular concern
2. Great Lakes Region
	Burundi			222,000			222,000	-448,000	imp.	No. of IDPs decreasing as security improves; nutritional situation also improving in many areas
	Congo/Brazzaville		100,000	113,000			213,000	158000	det.	No hard data available, but prob. that the IDPs in the inaccessible regions at high risk (nos. unknown).
	E Dem Rep of Congo	41,000	235,000	380,000		132,000	788,000	167,000	det.	IDPs in Kivu maybe at high risk, others prob. less risk. Angolan refugees have high mortality rates.
	Rwanda			690,000			690,000	140,000	stat.	Increased number of IDPs in the North, Mixed reports about their nutritional status
	Tanzania				328,000		328,000	-1,000	stat.	Nos. of rets. from DRC may be greater. 1.14 million drought affected people not shown.
3. Ethiopia					532,000		532,000	243,300	imp.	The IDPs and the refugees are at low risk. People in the Somali region may be at high risk (not shown).
4. Kenya					178,000		178,000	-1,000	stat.	Mortality rates and wasting prevalences relatively low.
5. Liberia				495,000			495,000	286,000 ++	imp.	IDPs may still be at risk. Relatively high wasting seen in refugee camps in most recent surveys.
6. Sierra Leone			200,000	200,000			400,000	100,000	det.	No hard data available, but is probable that the IDPs in the inaccessible regions may be at high risk.
7. Guinea-Conakry/Cote d'Ivoire					571,000		571,000	-183,000	imp.	Dec. in nos. due to repatriation to Liberia. Improvement in the nut. situation of the refugees in Guinea.
8. Guinea-Bissau					350,000		350,000	not shown before	det.	New IDPs who require food assistance, but nutritional status is not critical.
9. Somalia			300,000	400,000			700,000	-300,000	det.	Dec. in nos. as flood emerg. over. High risk in some areas (Bay & Bakool). Next harvest may fail.
10. Sudan			1,165,000	1,435,000	121,000		2,721,000	200,000	det.	BEG popn. higher risk than others, expect pockets all over country. Note that hungry season is beginning.
11. Uganda				347,000	174,000		521,000	-97,000	stat.	Nos. of IDPs decreasing as security improves.
12. Zambia					34,000	10,000	44,000	10,000	stat.	Increase due to recent influx of Congolese refugees - their nutritional status is unknown.
Total (Sub-Saharan Africa)		41,000	2,300,000	4,632,000	2,288,000	142,000	9,403,000	-111,700
Asia/ Europe (Selected Situations)
13. Afghanistan Region				1,290,000	116,000		1,406,000	153,000		Anecdotal evidence suggests Afghan IDPs at risk.
14. Bhutanese Refugees in Nepal					98,105		98,105	4,105	stat.	Increase in total due to births
15. Bangladesh					22,300		22,300	2,000	stat.	Increase in total due to births
17. Kossovo					240,000		240,000	not shown before	stat.	New IDPs. Nutritional situation stable at the moment

++ There may have been an underestimation of those requiring aid in RNIS 24

I: High Prev - Those reported with high prevalences of malnutrition (where available >20% wasting) and/or micronutrient deficiency diseases and sharply elevated

IIa: High Risk - At high nutritional risk, limited data available, population likely to contain pockets of malnutrition (e.g. wasting).

IIb: Mod Risk - Moderate risk, may be data available, pockets of malnutrition may exist.

IIc: Not Critical - Probably not at heightened nutritional risk.

III: Unknown - No information on nutritional status available.

* Indicates status of nutritional situation. Imp=improving; det=deteriorating; stat=static (i.e. no change).

Table 2: Summary of Origin and Location of Major Populations of Refugees, Returnees and Displaced People in Africa March 1999 - RNIS #26 (population estimates in thousands)

	To/In
From	Angola	Burundi	Congo/Brazzaville	Cote d'Ivoire	Dem Rep Congo	Eritrea	Ethiopia	Guinea Bissau	Guinea conakry	Kenya	Liberia	Rwanda	Sierra Leone	Somalia	Sudan	Tanzania	Uganda	Zambia	TOTAL
Angola	650		8		140													32	830
Burundi		222			37											260			519
Congo/Brazzaville			200		16														216
Cote d'Ivoire																			0
Dem Rep Congo					500							30				53	3	12	598
Eritrea															121				121
Ethiopia							272			5									277
Guinea Bissau								350											350
Guinea conakry																			0
Kenya							5												5
Liberia				100					120		400								620
Rwanda			5		35							660				15	15		730
Sierra Leone				1					350		95		400						846
Somalia							195			133				700					1,028
Sudan					60		60			40					2600		156		2,916
Tanzania																			0
Uganda																	347		347
Zambia																			0
TOTAL	650	222	213	101	788	0	532	350	470	178	495	690	400	700	2721	328	521	44	9,403

NOTES:

(1) This chart is intended to include major population groups in Africa (i.e. over 100,000 people affected from country of origin).

(2) Boxes on the diagonal (shaded) show internally displaced populations (total = 7.3 million).

(3) Numbers referred to in the text are usually by the country where the population is located (i.e. column totals).

For the regional situations of Burundi/Rwanda and Liberia/Sierra Leone the description is by country of origin (i.e. row totals).

Annex I: Results of Surveys Quoted in March 1999 RNIS Report (#26) - usually children 6-59 months

Survey Area			Survey Conducted by	Date	% Wasted*	% Severely Wasted*	Oedema (%)	Crude Mortality (/10,000/day)	Under 5 Mortality (/10,000/day)	Measles Immunisation Coverage
1. Angola
	a. Malange		MSF-H	Jan-99	11	4.5
	b. Huambo		SCF-UK	Jan-99	14.7	7.3
2. Burundi/Rwanda (Great Lakes) Region
	a. Cibitoke Province, Burundi		CONCERN	Oct-98	5.6	0.8	0.4			19.2
	b. Gitega province (north), Burundi		OXFAM	Nov-98	12.9	2.0		0.57	0.67	63
		Gitega province (south), Burundi	OXFAM	Nov-98	8.3	1.4		0.79	1.23	64
	c. Karusi, Burundi		MSF-B	Nov-98	6.7	1.7		0.57		68.3
	d. Bubanza province, Burundi		CAD	Aug-98	11.6	3.9				41
	e. Goma, DRC			Jan-99	3.0	1.0
	f. Kisangani, DRC		MSF-H	Jan-99	13.4	9.1	8.7	0.97	2
	g. Kisenge, DRC		MSF-B	Feb-99	25.0	12.8	11.6			26.8
	g. Ruhengeri, Rwanda		MOH/MSF-B	Feb-99	10.7	6.4	4.7			92
	h. Ngara, Tanzania		UNHCR	Sep-98	2.8	0.1
4. Kenya
	a. Dadaab - Ifo camp		UNHCR/MSF-B	Sep-98	11.6	1.6
		Dagahaley Camp	UNHCR/MSF-B	Sep-98	11.0	2.1
		Hagadera Camp	UNHCR/MSF-B	Sep-98	10.5	1.9
	b. Kakuma camp		UNHCR/IRC	Oct-98	15.6	1.7
5. Liberia
	a. Monrovia		ACF	Jun-98	16.3	3.1	0.0			39.7
	b. Vahun		MSF-Epi.	Jun-98	21	5	1.0	1.8	6.1	28.3
	c. Kolahun		MSF-Epi.	Jun-98	7	1	0.8	0.9	4.8	37.9
6. Sierra Leone
	a. Porto Loko		CAD	Oct-98	11.4	3.6
7. Guinea-Conakry and Cote d'Ivoire
	a. Gueckadou, Guinea		ACF	May-98	18.6	5
	b. Gueckadou		DPS/ACF/MSF	Sep-99	7.9	1.3	0.8			80.0
9. Somalia
	a. Qansaxdheere town, Bay		FSAU	Feb-99	32	10
					(MUAC<125mm)	(MUAC<110mm)
10. Sudan (please see separate Annex I+)
11. Uganda
	a. Impevi camp		ACF-US	May-98	5.4	1				56.1
	b. Impevi camp		ACF-US	Oct-98	9.7	1.9
	c. Rhino camp		ACF-US	May-98	5.9	0.9				38.9
	d. Rhino camp		ACF-US	Oct-98	9.7	1.0
	e. Kirayandongo camp		ACF-US	May-98	10.	0.2				33
	f. Kirayandongo camp		ACF-US	Nov-98	6.8	0.7
	g. Kyangwali camp		ACF-US	May-98	0.4	0.0
	h. Kyangwali camp		ACF-US	Nov-98	0.7	0.0
	I. Orunchinga camp		ACF-US	Jun-98	1.5	0.2				42.0
	j. Orunvhinga camp		ACF-US	Nov-98	2.0	0.2
	k. Nakivale camp		ACF-US	Jun-98	6.8	0.5				49.7
	l. Nakivale camp		ACF-US	Nov-98	2.9	0.0
	m. Adjumani camp -A		ACF-US	Apr-98	5.0	0.8				40.4
	n. Adjumani camp -A		ACF-US	Oct-98	7.0	0.4				43
	o. Adjumani camp -B		ACF-US	Apr-98	7.5	0.9				42.2
	p. Adjumani camp B-		ACF-US	Oct-98	7.8	0.7				40.0
	q. Adjumani camp C		ACF-US	Apr-98	3.6	1.0				46.8
	r. Adjumani camp -C		ACF-US	Oct-98	7.3	1.1				60.8
	s. Palorinya camp		ACF-US	Apr-98	7.1	1				37.4
	t. Palorinya camp		ACF-US	Oct-98	8.2	1.2
15. Bhutanese in Nepal
	a. Camps		UNHCR	Dec-98	4.3 (wfh)	0.5 (wfh)
16. Kosovo
	a. Province-wide		ACF-UK	Dec-98	2.0	0.2	0.0
17. DPRK
	a. Nationwide		Gov/UNICEF/WFP/ECHO	Oct-98	15.6	5.2

* wt/ht unless specified; cut-off=n.s. means not specified but usually-2SD wt/ht for wasting and -3SD wt/ht for severe wasting

**Oedema is included in this figure.

NOTE: see box on back cover for guidance in interpretation of indicators.

Annex I for the Sudan: Results of Surveys conducted in non-GoS controlled areas of Northern Bahr-El-Ghazal (table S1)

Location		County	Survey conducted by	Date	% Wasted*	% Severely Wasted*	N (sampling method)
Panthou and Toch (2 payams)		Gogrial	World Vision	April 98	40.8 (<80% wfh)	13.8 (<70% wfh)	530 (cluster)
Pathou and Toch (5 payams)		Gogrial	World Vision	Nov 98	11.7 (<80% wfh)	1.6 (<70% wfh)	620 (cluster)
Panthou		Aweil East	UNICEF	June 98	62.2	24.3	637 (all children)
Panthou		Aweil East	MSF-Epic.	Aug 98	71.3	48.5	459 (cluster)
	- residents				63
	- displaced				83
Ajiep		Gogrial	MSF-Epic.	July 98	80.3	48.5	460 (cluster)
Ajiep		Gogrial	MSF-Epic.	Oct 98	48	13	450 (cluster)
Ajiep		Gogrial	MSF-Epic.	Jan 99	14.6	1.5	472( cluster)
Acumcum		Wau	UNICEF	June 98	79.3	47.0	492 (all children)
Pakor		Gogrial	UNICEF	June 98	61.4 (<80% wfh)	26.4 (<70%wfh)	42 5(all children)
Mape		Wau	UNICEF	June 98	39.1	12.9	680 (all children)
Mapel		Wau	MSF-Epic.	Aug 98	44.6	20.6	438 (cluster sample)
	- residents				33
	- displaced				59
Mapel		Wau	MSF-Epic	Dec 98	13.1	2.6	457 (cluster)
Wathmouk		Aweil East	UNICEF	June 98	46.7	10.3	107 (rapid assessment)
Wunrok		Twic	UNICEF	June 98	52.7	14.3	537 (rapid assessment)
Wunrok		Twic	UNICEF	Oct. 98	19.3	2.8	145 (cluster)
Marial Bai		Aweil East	UNICEF	June 98	28.4	6.8	750 (rapid assessment)
Marial Bai		Aweil East	UNICEF	Oct. 98	38.7	9.9	545 (rapid assessment)
Malualkon		Aweil East	UNICEF	June 98	30.4	7.8	102 (rapid assessment)
Dhiak		Aweil East	UNICEF	June 98	58.8	26.3	114 (rapid assessment)
Adet		Gogrial	Merlin	Jan 99	10.2	1.5	482(cluster)
Malual, W. Ayat, Gomjuer payams		Aweil West	Concern	Jan. 99	14.3	1.9	899 (cluster)

*wt/ht unless specified; usually <-2SD wt/ht for wasting and <-3SD wt/ht for severe wasting

Annex I for the Sudan: Results of Surveys conducted in non- GoS controlled areas of Eastern Bahr-El-Ghazal - Lakes area (table S2)

Location		County	Survey conducted by	Date	% Wasted*	% Severely Wasted*	N (sampling method)
Rumbek - Town		Rumbek	Oxfam	June 98	49.6	18.1	276 (cluster
	Agangrial				28.9	6.3	295 (cluster)
Rumbek - Town		Rumbek	Oxfam	Nov 98	19.2	0.9	665 (cluster)
	Agangrial				19.2	3.2	560 (cluster)
Yirol		Yirol	Medair	May 98	26 (<80% wfh)	5 (<70% wfh)	677 (cluster)
Yirol (4 payams)		Yirol	Concern/ Medair	Sep 98	17.7	2.2	865 (cluster)
Tonj (payams)		Tonj	World Vision	May 98	33.4 (<80% wfh)	9.9 (<70% wfh)	591(cluster)
Tonj (5 payams)		Tonj	World Vision	Nov 98	18.3 (<80% wfh)	4.4 (<70%wfh)	545 (cluster)

*wt/ht unless specified; usually <-2SD wt/ht for wasting and <-3SD wt/ht for severe wasting

Annex I for the Sudan: Results of Surveys conducted in GoS controlled areas of South Sudan (table S3)

Location	County	Survey conducted by	Date	% Wasted*	% Severely Wasted*
Upper Nile	Bentiu	UNICEF	April 98	31.8	6.8
	Rubkona	UNICEF	April 98	26.7	7.5
	Mayom	UNICEF	April 98	24.0	5.3
Equatoria	Terekeka	Oxfam	Jan. 98	41.4	9.5
	Terekeka	Oxfam	Nov. 98	5.6	0.45
	Torit	UNICEF	April 98	23.4	5.8
	Liggi	UNICEF	April 98	6.4	1.7
Bahr El Ghazal	Wau (residents)	UNICEF	April 98	29.0	9.3
	Wau (IDPs)	UNICEF	Aug. 98	71.6	41.3

Note: these tables were provided by WFP in Khartoum. No further information is available on the methods employed.

Annex I for the Sudan: Results of Surveys conducted in North Sudan (table S4)

Location	County	Survey conducted by	Date	% Wasted*	% Severely Wasted*
North & South Kordofan	Sidra IDP Camps	SCF-US	Feb. 98	17.9	4.3
	Sidra IDP Camps	SCF-US	April 98	35.2	2.5
	Sidra IDP Camps	SCF-US	May 98	33.7	4.9
	Sidra IDP Camps	SCF-US	June 98	21.8	5.7
	Sidra IDP Camps	SCF-US	July 98	18.8	5.3
	Sidra IDP Camps	SCF-US	Aug. 98	21.1	2.9
	Sidra IDP Camps	SCF-US	Sep. 98	12.1	1.8
	Kujuria IDP camps	SCF-US	Sep.98	18.0	6.4
	Dilling IDP camps	SCF-US	April 98	8.5	1.8
	Dilling IDP camps	SCF-US	Aug. 98	21.8	5.0
	Rashad IDP camps	SCF-US	Aug. 98	11.25	1.0
	Rashad IDP camps	SCF-US	April 98	12.8	3.5
West Kordofan	En Nahud	CARE	Feb. 98	20.4	2.1
Khartoum IDPs	Karton Kassala	ADRA/MOH	June 98	15.7	3.4
	Umbadda	ADRA/MOH	June 98	12.5	1.0
	Es Salam camp	ADRA/MOH	Feb. 98	12.0	0.7
	Es Salam Camp	ADRA/MOH	May 98	12.4	1.3
West Darfur	Malha	ADRA/MOH	May 98	14.3
	Malha	ADRA/MOH	Sep. 98	12.8

Note: these tables were provided by WFP in Khartoum. No further information is available on the methods employed.

Notes on Annex 1

1. Angola

a. Malange. This survey was conducted in Malange by MSF-Holland and WHO in January 1999. 863 children are included in the survey. Wasting was defined as wt/ht <-2Z scores and/or oedema and severe acute malnutrition as <-3Z scores. No further information is currently available.

b. Huambo. This survey was carried out by SCF-UK in Huambo amongst children of displaced families only in January 1999. Wasting was defined as wt/ht <-2Z scores and/or oedema and severe wasting as <-3Z scores. No further information is currently available.

a. Cibitoke. This survey was conducted by CONCERN in October 1998 in Cibitoke province. Standard cluster methodology was employed. 835 children were measured.. Acute malnutrition was defined as wt/ht <-2Z scores and/or oedema and severe acute malnutrition as <-3Z scores. Oedema was given separately. Stunting was defined as <-2Z scores and/or oedema. Measles immunisation coverage was confirmed by an immunisation card. CMR was collected retrospectively over a one year period.

b. Gitega. This survey was conducted by Oxfam in Gitega province in November 1998. The information was reported in an IRIN report (17/02/99) and no further details are currently available.

c. Karusi. This survey was conducted by MSF-B in November 1998 in Karusi province. Standard two stage cluster methodology was employed. 919 children were measured. Acute malnutrition was defined as wt/ht <-2Z scores and/or oedema and severe malnutrition as <-3Z scores. Measles immunisation coverage was confirmed by an immunisation card. CMR was collected retrospectively over a three month period.

d. Bubanza. This survey was conducted by CAD in August 1998 in Bubanza province. Standard two stage cluster methodology was employed. 900 children were measured. Malnutrition was defined as wt/ht <-2Z scores and/or oedema and severe malnutrition as <-3Z scores. Oedema was given separately. Measles immunisation coverage was confirmed by an immunisation card.

e. Goma. The information was reported in an IRIN report (24/02/99) and no further details are currently available.

f. Kisangani. This survey was conducted by MSF-H in January 1999 in Kisangani. 978 children were measured. Malnutrition was defined as wt/ht <-2Z scores and/or oedema and severe malnutrition as <-3Z scores. Oedema was given separately. No further details are available.

g. Kisenge. This survey was conducted by MSF-B in February 1999 amongst Angolan refugee children. Standard two-stage cluster methodology was employed. 929 children were measured. Acute malnutrition was defined as wt/ht <-2Z scores and/or oedema and severe malnutrition as <-3Z scores and/or oedema. Oedema was given separately. Measles immunisation was confirmed by card.

h. Ruhengeri. This survey was conducted by MOH/SCF-UK/MSF-B in February 1999 in nine communes in Ruhengeri prefecture. Standard two stage cluster methodology was employed 900 children were measured. Acute malnutrition was defined as wt/ht <-2Z scores and/or oedema and severe acute malnutrition as <-3Z scores. Chronic malnutrition was defined as ht/age <-2Z scores and severe chronic malnutrition as ht/age <-3Z scores. Oedema was given separately. Measles immunisation coverage was confirmed by card.

i. Ngara. This survey was conducted by UNHCR in Ngara camps in September 1998. Standard two-stage cluster methodology was employed. 900 children were measured. Wasting was defined as <-2Z scores and severe wasting was defined as <-3Z scores. No further information is available.

a. Daadaab. This survey was conducted by MSF-B/UNHCR in the three camps in the Dadaab region in September 1998. Standard two-stage cluster methodology was employed. A total of 2457 children were measured. Wasting was defined as <-2Z scores and/or oedema; severe wasting as <-3Z scores and/or oedema. Oedema was also reported separately.

b. Kakuma. This survey was conducted by IRC/UNHCR in Kakuma camp in September 1998. Standard two-stage cluster methodology was employed. A total of 900 children were measured. Wasting was defined as <-2Z scores; severe malnutrition as <-3Z scores. No further information is available.

c. Dadaab. This survey was conducted by CDC/UNHCR in Dadaab camp in November 1998. A systematic sampling method was employed. 508 adolescents aged 10-19 were chosen for the study, 392 participated. Anaemia was measured using a Hemocue haemoglobinometer.

d. Kakuma. This survey was conducted by CDC/UNHCR in Kakuma camp in November 1998. A systematic sampling method was employed. 445 adolescents aged 10-19 were chosen for the study, 391 participated. Anaemia was measured using a Hemocue haemoglobinometer.

a. Monrovia. This survey was conducted by ACF in May/June 1998 in displaced shelters in Monrovia. Standard two stage cluster methodology was employed. 914 children were measured. Acute alnutrition was measured as <-2Z scores and/or oedema and severe malnutrition as <-3Z scores and/or oedema. Oedema was given separately. Measles immunisation coverage was confirmed by a card.

b. The Food Security of Returnees: Cape Mount County. This study was conducted in Jne/july 1998 in Cape Mount County by SCF-UK. Qualitative methods were employed to collect the relevant information.

c. Vahun. This survey was conducted by MSF/Epicentre in June 1998 in Vahun camp. Standard two stage cluster methodology was employed. 890 children were measured. Acute malnutrition was measured as <-2Z scores and severe malnutrition as <-3Z scores. Oedema was given separately. Measles immunisation coverage was confirmed by a card. Mortality was assessed retrospectively over varying periods of time (length since arrival in camp).

d. Kolahun. This survey was conducted by MSF/Epicentre in June 1998 in Kolahun camp. Systematic sampling was employed. 545 children were measured. Acute malnutrition was measured as <-2Z scores and severe malnutrition as <-3Z scores. Oedema was given separately. Measles immunisation coverage was confirmed by a card. Mortality was assessed retrospectively over varying periods of time (length since arrival in camp).

a. Porto Loko. This survey was conducted by CAD in October 1998 in Porto Loko. Standard two-stage cluster methodology was employed. 900 children were measured. Acute malnutrition was measured as <-2Z scores and/or oedema and severe malnutrition as <-3Z scores and/or oedema.

a. Gueckedou. This survey was conducted by ACF in May 1998 in Gueckedou prefecture. Standard two stage cluster methodology was employed. Acute malnutrition was measured as <-2Z scores and/or oedema and severe malnutrition as <-3Z scores and/or oedema. Oedema was given separately. No further details are available.

b. Gueckedou. This survey was conducted by ACF in September 1998 in Gueckedou prefecture. Standard two stage cluster methodology was employed. 926 children were measured. Acute malnutrition was measured as <-2Z scores and/or oedema and severe malnutrition as <-3Z scores and/or oedema. Oedema was given separately. Measles immunisation coverage was confirmed by a card.

a. This is taken from a WFP technical report evaluating the nutritional situation in Guinea-Bissau in December 1998. Malnutrition was defined by MUAC (<110mm or <125mm). No further details are available.

a. Qansaxdheere area. This survey was conducted by FSAU in close collaboration with UNICEF in Qansaxdheere area, Bay region in February 1999. The MUAC of 243 children whose heights were between 65-110cm were measured. Global malnutrition was defined as MUAC<125mm and/or oedema and severe acute malnutrition as MUAC<110mm and/or oedema. No further details are available

No notes have been provided with the summary table for the surveys on Sudan in the interest of saving space (most of the surveys only report anthropometric data and no other information). The sampling method, sample size and definitions of wasting and severe wasting are included in the tables. Note that less information is available for certain surveys. This is because the data on these surveys were provided by WFP Khartoum and the author does not have the original reports.

11. Uganda

a. Impevi (May). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in May 1998. Systematic sampling methods were employed. 450 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together.

b. Impevi (October). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in October 1998.. Systematic sampling methods were employed 405 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

c. Rhino (May). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in May 1998. Standard two-stage cluster methods were employed. 900 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

d. Rhino (October). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in October 1998. Standard two-stage cluster methods were employed. 900 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

e. Kirayandongo (May). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in May 1998.. Systematic sampling methods were employed. 405 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

f. Kirayandongo (November). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in November 1998.. Systematic sampling methods were employed. 425 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

g. Kyangwali (May). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in May 1998.. Systematic sampling methods were employed. 239 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

h. Kyangwali (November). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in November 1998. Systematic sampling methods were employed. 269 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

i. Orunchinga (June). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in June 1998 according to standardised methods recommended by WHO/ UNICEF. 464 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

j. Orunchinga (November). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in November 1998.. Systematic sampling methods were employed. 440 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

k. Nakivale (June). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in June 1998. Exhaustive sampling methods were employed. 398 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

l. Nakivale (November). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in November 1998. Exhaustive sampling methods were employed. 340 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

m. Adjumani A (April). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in April 1998. Standard two-stage cluster methods were employed. 900 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

n. Adjumani A (October). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in October 1998. Standard two-stage cluster methods were employed. 900 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

o. Adjumani B (April). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in April 1998. Standard two-stage cluster methods were employed. 810 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

p. Adjumani B (October). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in October 1998. Standard two-stage cluster methods were employed. 810 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

q. Adjumani C (April). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in April 1998. Standard systematic sampling methods were employed. 390 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

r. Adjumani C (October). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in October 1998. Standard systematic methods were employed. 369 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

s. Palorinya (April). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in April 1998. Standard two-stage cluster methods were employed. 900 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

t. Palorinya (October). This survey was conducted by ACF-USA in October 1998. Standard two-stage cluster methods were employed. 900 children were measured. Wasting (wt/ht<-2SD) and oedema are reported together. Vaccination status was assessed by reference to the card.

u. An overview of Food security issues in Adjumani, Palorinya, Rhino Camp, Imvepi, Nakivale Refugee Settlements. ACF-USA August 1998. This survey involved collecting qualitative data on food security issues from focus group discussions, life histories of individual refugees and key informant interviews.

a. This survey was conducted by SCF-UK in June 1998. Stratified random sampling methods were employed. 395 children were measured. Wasting was defined as <80% of weight-for-height and severe wasting was defined as <80% of weight-for-height. Measles immunisation was determined by reference to a vaccination card.

a. This survey was conducted by Government/UNICEF/WFP/ECHO in DPRK conducted in 130 counties of a total of 212 in September/October 1998. 1762 children aged six months to seven years were measured. Acute malnutrition was defined as wt/ht <-2Z scores and/or oedema was severe acute malnutrition was defined as wt/ht <-3Z scores and/or oedema. Stunting was defined as ht/age <-2Z scores and severe stunting as ht/age <-3Z scores.

b. Multiple Indicator Cluster was conducted by UNICEF in 130 counties of a total of 212 in September/October 1998. Anaemia was studied in 1787 children 6-84 months with a Hemocue. The birthweight of 1393 children was largely determined by mothers' recall.

a. Nutritional Anthropometric Survey in Kosovo, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Action Against Hunger-UK. This was a province wide survey conducted in December 1998/January 1999. Two-stage cluster sampling methods were employed. 922 children were measured. Acute malnutrition was defined as <-2z scores weight for height and/or oedema and severe acute malnutrition as <-3z scores weight for height and/or oedema. Oedema was recorded separately. Stunting was defined as <-2z scores height for age and severe stunting as <-3z scores height for age.

b. Food Security in Kosovo, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Action Against Hunger-UK. This was a province wide survey conducted in December 1998/January 1999. The survey was conducted as a complementary component of the nutrition and health survey. Qualitative methods were employed to collect the relevant information and included:- a household questionnaire, key informant discussions, market price monitoring and macro-economic data collection and analysis.

Seasonality in Sub-Saharan Africa*

Country		Climate/Rainy Season/Harvest
Angola		Coastal area desert, SW semi-arid, rest of country: rains Sept-April
Burundi		Three crop seasons: Sept-Jan, Feb-Jun., and Jul-Aug.
CAR		Rains March-Nov
Djibouti		Arid Climate
Ethiopia		Two rainy seasons February to May and June to October
Kenya		N-E is semi-arid to arid, Central and SW rains: March-May and Nov-Dec.
Liberia		Rains March-Nov
Mozambique		Coast is semi-arid, rest wet-dry. Harvest May
Rwanda		Rains Feb-May with Aug. harvest and Sept-Nov with Jan harvest
Sierra Leone		Rains March-Oct.
Somalia		Two seasons: April to August (harvest) and October to January/February (harvest)
Sudan		Rains April-Oct.
	Northern Rains begin May/June
	Southern Rains begin March/April
Northern		Rains begin May/June
Southern		Rains begin March/April
Togo		Two rainy seasons in S, one in N. Harvest August
Uganda		Rains Mar-Oct.
Zaire		Tropical climate. Harvest in N: November; in S January

*SOURCES: FAO,"Food Supply Situation and Crop Prospects in Sub-Saharan Africa", Special Report; No 4/5, Dec. 90 plus various FAO/WFP Crop and Food Supply Assessment Missions.